Special education in Brazil: a historical-bibliographic approach

Abstract

The present study portrays about Special Education in Brazil from a historical-bibliographic point of view and aims to analyze in depth and chronologically the challenge of carrying out Special Education in Brazil, from the beginnings to the present day. Having as a preliminary question to establish the unfolding of the history of Inclusive Special Education, the impacts brought by Special Education in the 20th century, achievements and losses of Inclusive Education in Brazil, until the present moment. Inclusion is a challenge that must be taken into account by governments, bodies in charge of creating educational public policies, school boards, teachers, parents and the community in general. Inclusive education must be advocated based on ethical principles, quality professional training, competence, efficiency and self-efficacy of teachers. This research has as methodological currents the bibliographic and documentary research, collecting data from an integrative systematic review and legal documents, appropriating theses, dissertations and legislation defended in Brazil. The approach used in this study was qualitative, enabling the analysis of cataloged data, through a systematic criterion. It was concluded that Inclusive Education, in Brazil, nowadays, is the result of advances and setbacks that occurred mainly in the area of ​​legislation.