Efectos del confinamiento por COVID-19 sobre el control glucémico de niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Frank Hernández García; Víctor Ernesto González Velázquez; Jany Casanovas Figueroa; Enrique Rolando Pérez García; Elys María Pedraza Rodríguez

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5779

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Frank Hernández García University of Oviedo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-0045
Víctor Ernesto González Velázquez Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara
Jany Casanovas Figueroa Centro Provincial de Atención y Educación al Paciente Diabético, Hospital Provincial General Docente “Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola”
Enrique Rolando Pérez García University of Ciego de Ávila
Elys María Pedraza Rodríguez Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5779

Keywords:

lockddown, Children and Adolescents, COVID-19 pandemic, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Glycaemic control

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of confinement due to COVID-19 on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Material and methods: An observational, descriptive study with a prospective design was carried out in Cuba, between November 2020 and May 2021. The sample consisted of 41 children and adolescents from a Provincial Center for Care and Education for Diabetic Patients. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and BMI) were obtained from the patients' medical records at the time of debut and at the time of the follow-up visit during the study period. Glycemic control was determined from the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The comparison of the means between independent groups of variables was carried out using the ANOVA analysis of variance of a Kruskal-Wallis factor when quantitative variables were brought, and Pearson's Chi square in the case of categorical variables.

Results: It was shown that during confinement, 78.05% of the patients had poor glycemic control. In addition, the requirements for higher total doses of insulin (p=0.005), both fast-acting (p=0.011) and slow-acting (p=0.008), and the highest dosage by weight in kilograms (p=0.003), and the highest evolution time (p=0.011) were significantly related to poor glycemic control. Most of the variables that were associated with poor glycemic control during confinement were also associated before said period.

Conclusions: The confinement had a negative impact on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Cuba, since during this period the patients required higher doses of insulin and showed higher HbA1c figures.