Uso, cessação, fumo passivo e exposição a mídia do tabaco no Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 e 2019

Deborah Carvalho  Malta; Crizian Saar  Gomes; Fabiana Martins Dias de  Andrade; Elton Junio Sady  Prates; Francielle Thalita Almeida  Alves; Patrícia Pereira Vasconcelos de  Oliveira; Paula Carvalho de  Freitas; Cimar Azeredo  Pereira; Roberta de Betânia  Caixeta

doi:10.1590/1980-549720210006.supl.2

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Deborah Carvalho Malta Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5734
Crizian Saar Gomes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
Fabiana Martins Dias de Andrade Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
Elton Junio Sady Prates Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
Francielle Thalita Almeida Alves Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
Patrícia Pereira Vasconcelos de Oliveira Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília (DF), Brasil
Paula Carvalho de Freitas Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília (DF), Brasil
Cimar Azeredo Pereira Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
Roberta de Betânia Caixeta Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde para as Américas, Washington DC, Estados Unidos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210006.supl.2

Keywords:

Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking, Tobacco Use Cessation, Smoking Prevention, Population Survey, Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To compare indicators of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to pro and anti-tobacco media in 2013 and 2019, and describe these indicators according to sociodemographic variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey. The indicators of use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to tobacco-related media were evaluated. Prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for the total population in 2013 and 2019 and according to sociodemographic variables for 2019. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess differences in prevalence.

Results: There was an improvement in most of the indicators studied; an increase in ex-smokers and a reduction in secondhand smoke and the attempt to quit smoking. All pro- and anti-tobacco media exposure indicators declined. When considering the prevalence according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, 43.8% (95%CI: 41.6;46.0) of men tried to quit smoking, and 50.8% (95%CI: 48.5;53.2) of women. Secondhand smoke at home was higher among women (10.2%; 95%CI: 9.7;10.8). Among those who thought about quitting smoking due to warnings, the proportion was higher among women (48.0%; 95%CI: 45.3;50.6). Tobacco use was higher among men (43.8% (95%CI: 41.6;46.0), in the population aged 40 to 59 years (14.9%; 95%CI: 14.2; 15.6), with a lower level of education (17.6%; 95%CI: 16.8;18.4). Conclusion: The study showed improvement in tobacco-related indicators between the years studied. It is noteworthy that this advance was smaller in relation to the other periods previously analyzed, and, therefore, greater investments in public policies to combat and control smoking in Brazil are necessary.