Trend and Georeferencing of Hospitalization and Mortality Rates for Oral Cancer in the State of Goiás, Brazil, 2010-2020

Abstract

Introduction: The occurrence of oral cancer in Brazil is among the highest in the world, and its etiology can be strongly influenced by geospatial differences. Access to diagnosis and treatment is concentrated in large cities, compromising the equitable distribution of resources, and georeferencing of deaths and hospitalizations supports public policy formulation. Objective: To investigate the trend and spatial distribution of hospitalization and mortality rates for oral cancer in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Method: Ecological time-series and spatial analysis study, with data from the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) and the Mortality Information System (SIM), obtained through DataSUS, for 2010-2020. Rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Prais-Winsten regression was applied (p<0.05) in STATA 14, and spatial analysis used the Global Moran Index, Local Moran Index (LISA), and Empirical Bayesian Rates in TerraView 4.2.2. Results: The hospitalization rate ranged from 0.3 (2010) to 10.3 (2012) per 100,000 inhabitants; the trend was stationary in 59 municipalities, increasing in 10, and decreasing in two, with clusters in three regions (Central, North, and West). The mortality rate ranged from 1.8 (2010) to 2.8 (2018), with a stationary trend in 32 municipalities and an increasing trend in three; spatial dependence of mortality, absent in 2010, emerged in 2020. Conclusion: The State of Goiás showed a gradual decentralization of hospitalizations for oral cancer treatment and an increasing trend in the disease’s mortality rate from 2010 to 2020.