Prevalências ao nascimento de anomalias congênitas entre nascidos vivos no estado do Maranhão de 2001 a 2016: análise temporal e espacial

Luzivan Costa  Reis; Márcia Helena  Barbian; Augusto César  Cardoso-dos-Santos; Elis Vanessa de Lima  Silva; Juliano André  Boquett; Lavínia  Schuler-Faccini

doi:10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.1

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Luzivan Costa Reis Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
Márcia Helena Barbian Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
Augusto César Cardoso-dos-Santos Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.
Elis Vanessa de Lima Silva Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
Juliano André Boquett Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre (RS), Bras https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-0460

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.1

Keywords:

Congenital abnormalities, Ecological studies, Live births, Teratogen

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence at birth and the spatial and temporal distribution of congenital anomalies (CAs) among live births in the state of Maranhão in the years 2001 to 2016. To describe demographic, gestational and neonatal variables of interest.

Methods: Ecological, population-based study, using secondary data from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC). Annual prevalence of total and per group CAs was calculated. Spatial analyzes used the calculation of Local Indicators of Spatial Association and the Moran I Index and interactive maps were generated. Demographic, gestational and neonatal variables of interest available at SINASC were described in the group of newborns with CAs.

Results: 1,831,830 live births, 6,110 with CAs (33.4/10,000) were included. Higher frequencies have occurred in more recent years. Spatial clusters have been observed in specific years. The prevalence of births of babies with CAs was different between categories of variables considered as risk factors for this outcome.

Conclusion: The prevalence at birth of total CAs was lower than expected for the human species for major defects (3%). The temporal peak of records in 2015/2016 is probably related to the increase in CAs caused by gestational infection by Zika virus. The spatial clusters were probably due to variations at random due to the small number of births as they are not repeated in other years. Studies like this are the basis for the establishment of CA surveillance programs.