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Preprint / Version 1

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE TYPIFICATION SCALE (ETVO-Br)

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Marcelexandra Rabelo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-5373
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Visualization
- Validation
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Hudson Santos University of Miami
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Denise Antunes de Azambuja Zocche Santa Catarina State University
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Ana Paula de Assis Sales Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Maria Antonieta Rubio Tyrrell Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Roberta Costa Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Isadora Vieira Frandolozo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Sandra Maria Cezar Leal Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Ana Carla Petersen de Oliveira Santos Federal University of Bahia
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Carolina Young Yanes Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-8831
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Laís Antunes Wilhelm Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-821X
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing
Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira Vargas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Conceptualization
- Data Curation
- Formal Analysis
- Funding Acquisition
- Investigation
- Methodology
- Project Administration
- Resources
- Software
- Supervision
- Validation
- Visualization
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Writing – Review & Editing

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.15289

Keywords:

Violence, Gender -Based Violence, Human Rights, Women’s Rights, Patient Advocacy

Abstract

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Obstetric Violence Typification Scale, designed to identify and categorize different forms of obstetric violence. Methods: A methodological approach was applied in five stages: defining the topic, generating items, determining the measurement format, conducting face and content validation, and adjusting the instrument. Results: From an integrative review, legal documents, and input from 60 obstetric nurses, 720 statements were produced and refined to 75 items across five dimensions. Validation with 31 experts confirmed clarity and relevance, and a pre-test with 20 professionals supported applicability. Conclusions: The final tool includes sociodemographic data, a definition of obstetric violence, and a Likert scale, enabling assessment and monitoring of violent situations in childbirth and supporting improvements in maternal healthcare.

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Posted

03/09/2026

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How to Cite

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE TYPIFICATION SCALE (ETVO-Br). (2026). In SciELO Preprints. https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.15289

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Section

Health Sciences

Copyright (c) 2026 Marcelexandra Rabelo, Hudson Santos, Denise Antunes de Azambuja Zocche, Ana Paula de Assis Sales, Maria Antonieta Rubio Tyrrell, Roberta Costa, Isadora Vieira Frandolozo, Sandra Maria Cezar Leal, Ana Carla Petersen de Oliveira Santos, Carolina Young Yanes, Laís Antunes Wilhelm, Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira Vargas