Rethinking ADHD and ASD: From Pathology to Human Trajectories

Gracio Marinho Sobral Santos

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.14593

##article.authors##

Gracio Marinho Sobral Santos Universidade Salvador https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8762-7155
- Conceptualization
- Methodology
- Writing – Original Draft Preparation
- Visualization
- Investigation
- Project Administration

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.14593

Keywords:

Neurodiversity, Human Dignity, ADHD, ASD, Ethical Language, Anthropology of Care

Abstract

This article proposes a humanistic reframing of the clinical terms Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which have historically been shaped by deficit-oriented language. Drawing on contemporary neuroscience and the neurodiversity paradigm, the text argues that attentional, sensory, and perceptual differences are natural expressions of human cognition rather than pathological deviations. The article introduces the symbolic reframing of ADHD as “Diverse Human Attention Trajectories” and ASD as “Authentic Spectrum of Diversity,” emphasizing the ethical importance of language in shaping dignity, identity, and social belonging. It contends that naming is a form of care, influencing access to support, family acceptance, and self-esteem. This humanistic perspective contributes to a broader anthropological understanding of cognitive diversity.

Portuguese version: https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.14808

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Gracio Marinho Sobral Santos, Universidade Salvador

Gracio Marinho Sobral Santos is a multidisciplinary researcher whose trajectory bridges technology, language, spirituality, and innovation. He holds postgraduate degrees in Artificial Intelligence, Digital Law, Cybersecurity, Neuroscience Applied to Education, Big Data and Communication, Forensic Computing, Digital Journalism, and the Science of Religion. Gracio is an IT specialist, graphic designer, and science fiction author. His debut novel O Sistema C.I.C (2009) anticipated the convergence of programmable digital currencies, ubiquitous biometric identity, and algorithmic governance, demonstrating his ability to integrate literature, science, and critical analysis to explore emerging societal transformations.