A importância do pluralismo e a impossibilidade de uma sociedade perfeita: relembrar Isaiah Berlin no tempo do populismo

Pedro Emanuel Mendes

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.13479

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Pedro Emanuel Mendes Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-8344

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.13479

Keywords:

liberalism, populism, Ideas, Isaiah Berlin , Democracy

Abstract

This article analyzes Isaiah Berlin's ideas about pluralism and the impossibility and dangers of monist ideas about perfect societies. This analysis seeks to dialogue with the current demoliberal crisis and the global rise of populism. The article draws on Berlin's ideas to think critically about the populist moment, recalling some of Berlin's arguments about the illiberal dilemmas and dangers we face. Within this framework, the article briefly contextualises Berlin's thinking and relates his ideas on the importance of pluralism and the limitations of monistic reasoning to the current historical context. The article argues that it is essential to rediscover the importance of comprehensive pluralism and that Berlin's defence of the ideal of freedom of choice and pluralism of values remains vital for an agenda of renewal and deepening of the democratic ideal in our time.

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Author Biography

Pedro Emanuel Mendes, Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais

Pedro Emanuel Mendes is a senior researcher fellow at the Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI), Nova University. He has been an Assistant Professor at Lusíada University, Nova University, and University of Coimbra. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the FSCH, Nova University, and a Masters in European Politics and Societies from ISCTE, Lisbon University Institute. His research bridges the fields of International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis, Historical Sociology, and Political Theory, having covered topics such as International Relations Theory and Historiography, Foreign Policy Analysis (Portugal, the US, Southeast Asia, the EU), Populism, Liberalism, Elites and democratization, International Order, Timor-Leste, Historical International Relations, International Negotiation, Portugal’s Contemporary Political History; Gender and Foreign Policy, and Power and Norms in I(i)nternational R (r)elationas. He has participated in several research projects with competitive funding from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and other national and international institutions. He is a member of several scientific associations and research networks, namely, the ISA, IPSA, and APCP. He has published widely about Foreign Policy Analysis, International Relations Theory, Portugal, and Southeast Asia in several journals like Análise Social (ICS-UL), Brazilian Review of International Relations (UNESP), Estudos Internacionais (PUC-Minas), Tempo e Argumento (UESC), Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy and International Relations (UFRGS), Dados (IESP-UERJ), Revista Brasileira de História (ANPUH), Tempo Social (USP), Historia da Historiografia (UNIRIO, SBTHH), Opinião Pública (UNICAMP), Ler História (ISCTE-IUL), Social Sciences (MDPI), Politics (SAGE) and Political Research Exchange (Taylors and Francis).