MODEL OF STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS TO EVALUATE THE PERCEPTION OF QUALITY IN THE TRAINING OF APPRENTICES OF SENA IN BOGOTÁ

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the perception of the quality of the professional training programs of the National Learning Service (SENA) for the graphic industry in Bogotá, using a model of structural equations (SEM). The research focuses on identifying areas of improvement and strengthening effective practices, considering factors such as curricular design, the quality of instructors and the availability of educational resources. Through a structured questionnaire applied to 330 randomly selected apprentices, a positive perception of the quality of the training programs was obtained. The SEM results highlight the relevance of teaching quality and educational resources, underlining the need to optimize instructors' training and improve technological infrastructure. Four key components were identified that influence quality perception: the quality of instructors, infrastructure and educational resources, the evaluation and participation of the apprentices, and the link with the external sector. In addition, a main component analysis (ACP) was carried out, which explained the total variance, and a confirmatory factor analysis (AFC), which validated the structure of the proposed model, confirming that the selected items are good indicators of the latent factors. The study concludes that it is essential to have a dynamic curriculum and the integration of new technologies to raise the quality of the program. Recommendations are presented to implement a continuous feedback system and promote the participation of apprentices in the evaluation of the program, thus aligning training programs with labor market expectations.