Educação brasileira: Panorama desde a Constituição Federal de 1988 e desafios persistentes, novos e porvindouros

Paulo Meyer Nascimento; André Gambier Campos; Milko Matijascic; Carolina Esther Kotovicz Rolon; Lenita Maria Turchi; Ana Luiza Machado Codes; Herton Ellery Araújo; Adriano Souza Senkevics

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11424

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Paulo Meyer Nascimento Getúlio Vargas Foundation
André Gambier Campos Institute of Applied Economic Research
Milko Matijascic Institute of Applied Economic Research
Carolina Esther Kotovicz Rolon Institute of Applied Economic Research
Lenita Maria Turchi Institute of Applied Economic Research
Ana Luiza Machado Codes Institute of Applied Economic Research
Herton Ellery Araújo Institute of Applied Economic Research
Adriano Souza Senkevics Institute of Applied Economic Research https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-1072

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11424

Keywords:

education, public policy, equity

Abstract

Since the enactment of the 1988 Federal Constitution, Brazilian education has experienced significant progress while facing persistent challenges. The Constitution established education as a universal right, defining responsibilities among the federal, state, and municipal governments. Public policies, such as the National Education Plan and the Fund for the Development of Basic Education, aimed to promote equity and access, while other indicators demonstrated progress, particularly in primary education. However, issues such as dropouts, age-grade distortion, and regional and socioeconomic disparities remain prevalent. Additionally, the use of digital technologies in education poses challenges related to equity and regulation. In higher education, democratization has driven expansion, but enrollment targets have yet to be achieved. The growth of distance education reflects a context of digital transformation but raises regulatory and quality concerns. The evolution of education in Brazil requires ongoing policy revisions to ensure quality, inclusion, and civic development in an ever-changing global landscape.

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Author Biographies

André Gambier Campos, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Holds a bachelor's degree in Social Sciences from the University of São Paulo (1994), a master's degree in Sociology from the University of São Paulo (1999), a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of São Paulo (2004), and a postdoctoral degree from the Graduate Program in Latin American Integration at the University of São Paulo (Prolam/USP - 2013). Additionally, holds a bachelor's degree in Law from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (2000) and a specialization in Labor Law from Universidade Cândido Mendes in Rio de Janeiro (2006). Since 2004, has been a research officer at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), with experience in the fields of social policy (subareas of education, labor, and social security), as well as in the areas of justice and public security. Since 2017, has been a faculty member and researcher in the Graduate Program in Law (PPGD/UP) and the School of Law and Social Sciences at Universidade Positivo (EDCS/UP), as well as a researcher at the Center for Legal and Social Research (CPJus/UP).

Milko Matijascic, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Holds a bachelor's degree in Economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (1988), a master's degree in Economic Science from the State University of Campinas (1991), a Ph.D. in Economic Science from the State University of Campinas (1996), and a technical-professional course in Economic and Social Sciences from the Academy of Poitiers (1983). Is a research officer at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea). Has experience in the field of Economics, with an emphasis on Welfare Economics. Works primarily on the following topics: Education, Social Security, Pension Funds, Welfare, State Reform, Economic and Financial Projections, and Public Finance.

Carolina Esther Kotovicz Rolon, Institute of Applied Economic Research

I hold a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Université de Bordeaux, a master's degree in Sociology from the Université de Bordeaux 2, and a bachelor's and teaching degree in Social Sciences from the Federal University of Paraná. My dissertation examines secondary education in Brazil from the perspective of its young students, linking the experiences of students from public and private high schools in Curitiba with macro-social data to understand the effects of the massification of secondary education on learning, intra-school relationships, and students' future aspirations.

I am a researcher in the field of education at the Directorate of Social Studies and Policies of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), where I monitor and analyze education-related indicators and public policies. Currently, I am conducting field research on the implementation of the New Secondary Education Reform.

Additionally, I have worked as a consultant for UNESCO-Paris and UNICEF, conducting research on the school inclusion of children and young people from rural areas, particularly those living in remote regions of the Amazonas, as well as on transparency and social oversight of municipal education expenditures.

Lenita Maria Turchi, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Ph.D. from the London School of Economics and Political Science - London University (2001), Master's degree in Sociology from the University of Brasília. Researcher at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) since 1986. Former Director of the Directorate of Social Studies and Policies at Ipea. Experienced in public policy evaluation and research on topics related to education, science, technology, and innovation policy, innovation, institutions and actors of the national innovation system, the impact of technological and organizational changes on working conditions, productive chains, industrial clusters, and local development.

Ana Luiza Machado Codes, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Holds a bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from the Federal University of Bahia (1996), a master's degree in Administration from the Federal University of Bahia (1999), and a Ph.D. in Social Sciences from the Federal University of Bahia (2005). Is a Specialist in Public Policy and Government Management, currently working at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea). Has experience in research in the fields of education, culture, public policy evaluation, migration, and youth policies.

Herton Ellery Araújo, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Holds a bachelor's degree in Economics from the University of Brasília (1990) and a specialization in Economics from the same institution (1992). Currently serves as a research officer at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea). Has experience in the field of Demography and extensive knowledge of major nationwide household surveys conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), particularly the Population Census and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Proficient in programming techniques and variable transformation for the operational definition of indicators using specialized statistical analysis software. Also works with data from key administrative records in the areas of labor, health, and education within the federal government, including CNES, SIM, SINASC, RAIS, CAGED, and the School and Higher Education Census.

Adriano Souza Senkevics, Institute of Applied Economic Research

Research aofficer at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) and Collaborating Professor at the University of Brasília (UnB). Holds a Ph.D. and a Master's degree in Education from the University of São Paulo (USP) and a specialization in Public Policy Management from UnB. During his master's and doctoral studies, he completed a research internship at the University of Sydney (Australia) and the University of Toronto (Canada), respectively.

Winner of the Capes Dissertation Award in the field of Education and the Grand Capes Dissertation Award in the field of Humanities in 2022 for his Ph.D., as well as the 10th edition of the Construindo a Igualdade de Gênero Award in 2015 for his master's degree.

Worked for 10 years as a researcher at the Anísio Teixeira National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (Inep), where he served as General Coordinator of Educational Studies (CGEE) in 2023.