Workplace Anxiety in Times of Change: Trends and Profiles During and Post-Pandemic in the State of São Paulo, 2020-2023

Abstract

Anxiety has become an increasing concern, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a 25% rise in cases worldwide and established it as the fourth leading cause of work absenteeism in Brazil. This quantitative study examined reports of work-related anxiety disorders in the state of São Paulo, focusing on the changes post-pandemic. Using trend analysis, linear regression, and unsupervised machine learning (clustering and association rules), the study explored the growth, pattern changes in notifications, and the demographic and behavioral profiles of affected workers between 2020 and 2023. The results identified four main profiles of individuals with anxiety disorders. The largest cluster consisted of workers aged 30 to 39, primarily from the retail sector, followed by a cluster of workers in the administrative sector aged 40 to 49. While most were not users of psychoactive drugs, alcohol, or tobacco, many had previously used psychotropic substances and/or medications, which was linked to temporary disability. Therefore, prevention policies and psychological support are essential for promoting well-being and productivity in the workplace.