The role of diagnosis on the perception of self-esteem in individuals with ASD and/or ADHD

Abstract

Self-esteem plays a protective role in the quality of life for all individuals, including neurodivergent individuals. It is known that late diagnosis can impact self-perception and self-esteem. The present study aimed to compare self-esteem perception before and after diagnosis and to analyze the relationship between social support and post-diagnosis self-esteem. The research was conducted with 289 Brazilians over the age of 18 diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and/or ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). All participants completed a questionnaire regarding their perception of self-esteem before and after diagnosis. Qualitative responses were also collected about participants' perceptions of self-esteem after diagnosis. Recruitment was conducted through social media outreach and official UFSCar profiles. Participants accessed an online form that contained the responses after receiving detailed information about the study and consenting to participate. The results showed an improvement in self-esteem post-diagnosis, and there was also a weak positive correlation between self-esteem and perceived social support. This study contributed to understanding how diagnosis, particularly late diagnosis, influences the self-esteem of neurodivergent individuals.