DYNAMICS OF QUOTA POLICIES IN STATE UNIVERSITIES IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL: REFLECTIONS ON STUDENT DIVERSITY

Abstract

This article analyzes the dynamics of racial quota policies in state universities in the Southeast region of Brazil, focusing on Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. These policies, initially implemented in the early 2000s, aim to promote racial inclusion and address historical inequalities in higher education. Through a critical analysis, the study explores the progress made and the persistent limitations, such as the dropout rates among quota students and the underrepresentation of Black (pretos and pardos) populations in various institutions. The study highlights challenges related to incomplete data and the effectiveness of student retention policies, emphasizing that quotas alone are not enough to guarantee racial equity. Issues such as institutional racism, academic barriers, and inadequate financial support continue to impact the trajectory of Black students. The conclusion suggests that, despite progress, affirmative action policies must be improved and expanded to ensure broader and longer-lasting inclusion.