Modulation of Body Weight by Nutrient-Stimulated Hormones (NUSH): An Assessment Using Mathematical Modeling

Abstract

Introduction: Nutrient-stimulated hormones (NUSH) play a critical role in regulating energy metabolism. While dysregulation of NUSH signalling is associated with obesity, there is a lack of quantitative models to investigate the complex dynamics of NUSH signalling and its impact on obesity development. Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between NUSH and body weight using mathematical modelling. Methods: Data on elevated body mass index (BMI) were collected from meta-analysis studies available on PubMed, focusing on incretin-based therapies. A mathematical model was developed using software to integrate the interactions between NUSH levels and changes in BMI. The model captured the complex dynamics and feedback loops involved in obesity-related hormonal regulation, employing differential equations and statistical techniques. Parameter estimation was performed using meta-analysis results to minimize the discrepancy between model predictions and observed data. Results: This study included 15 meta-analysis studies on liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity. A mathematical model was developed to understand NUSH dynamics in relation to obesity. The model derived the formula: NUSH(t) = N₀ * (1 - e^(-kt)) + I * [1 - e^(-βt)] / β. This formula considers NUSH levels over time, initial levels, decay rate, the impact of nutrient intake on hormone secretion, and the rate at which the effect of nutrient intake reaches its maximum. Conclusion: Evaluating the association between NUSH and increased body weight through mathematical modelling can provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between nutrient stimuli, hormonal responses, and obesity development.