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Negationism and anti-vaccine misinformation by Jair Bolsonaro

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Ana Regina Barros Rego Leal Universidade Federal do Piauí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0915-8715
Ranielle Leal Universidade Federal do Piauí
Claudia Pereira Galhardi Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-9222

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.7897

Keywords:

Misinformation, Negationism, Nihilism, Anti-vaccine, Bolsonaro

Abstract

This paper seeks to bring to the debate the philosophical interrelationships between denialism and nihilism, seeking to unveil the strategies used by the “merchants of doubt” (ORESKES and CONWAY) to influence the population not to adhere to the vaccination against Covid-19, during 2021, through the use of misinformation. In this context, we adopted the Hermeneutics of Historical Consciousness as an interpretative path (RICOEUR, 2010), which enables us to understand the narrative production of intentional disinformation and its collective and social appropriation. HHC offers us an interpretative possibility of the world of the text based on the relationship with history, the past and the experience, as entities affected by the past, which we are. ). In this sense, this paper’s structure has as it starting point a brief debate that seeks to confront Nietzschean nihilism and scientific denialism, in order to confront communication and disinformation and its current dimensions, intermediated by an interpretation of fake news about vaccines that circulated in 2021 and which have President Jair Bolsonaro as a promoter. The narratives posted here for interpretation were denounced by society through the @eufiscalizo app from Fiocruz-RJ and checked through the website https://www.nujocchecagem.com.br/.

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Author Biographies

Ana Regina Barros Rego Leal , Universidade Federal do Piauí

Journalist from UFPI. Specialist in Human Sciences from PUC-RS. Master in Communication and Culture from ECO-UFRJ. PhD in Communication Processes from UMESP. Post-Doctorate in Communication and Culture from ECO-UFRJ.

Ranielle Leal , Universidade Federal do Piauí

Journalist from the Federal University of Piauí -UFPI (2007/2), registration DRT-PI 0001511. Executive MBA in Marketing from Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV-RJ (2009). Master's degree in Communication from the Methodist University of São Paulo (2011). PhD in Social Communication from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS (she was a full CAPES scholarship holder), with a doctoral internship at the Fernando Pessoa University in the city of Porto-Portugal (2018).

Claudia Pereira Galhardi , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Researcher at the CAPES-EPIDEMIAS Research Network (UFRJ) Institute of Public Health Studies (IESC). Post-doctorate at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation: Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP-FIOCRUZ-RJ) in the area of Communication and Public Health . PhD in Audiovisual Communication, at the Department of Sociology and Communication at the University of Salamanca (USAL). She coordinated the Icict Study Center. Fiocruz (2022). She works in the area of Communication based on the following areas: communication research methodology; television market; audiovisual production and distribution; study of media and children's audiences. Current research: Misinformation, Communication and Health. Author of the "Eu Fiscalizo" application from Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-RJ. Collaborating researcher at the Center for Research in Communication, Information and Digital Culture. New University of Lisbon. She is part of the New Narrative Study Group (GENN-USP). Collaborating researcher in the Political Economy of Communication and Culture research group at Fundação Casa Rui Barbosa-RJ. Member of the Audiovisual Content Observatory of the University of Salamanca (USAL). Deputy coordinator -Brazil- and researcher of the Thematic Network for the Assessment of Public Management Processes in Pandemics and Citizen Participation: CYTED.Integrated with the National Network to Combat Disinformation