Vaccination against COVID-19 in Perú: Inequalities and associated factors.

Abstract

Objective: to search for inequalities in vaccination with two doses, and its relationship with social and economic variables, cases and deaths. Methods: Exploratory ecological study of a secondary source from the Ministry of Health of Peru and the United Nations Program, from March 2020 to January 2022. Results: We found a high positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the Regional Competitiveness Index (r = 0.72), and the State Density Index (r = 0.81); moderate with the Human Development Index, doctors per 1,000 inhabitants, cases and deaths per 100 000. In the three waves of the pandemic, the most affected were older adults; the third wave was higher. Mortality decreased during vaccination compared to before it; there was inequality with two doses between the regions. The Lorenz curve expressed inequality with the number of doses (GINI: One dose: 0,05, Two doses: 0,06, Three doses: 0,18). The concentration curve was similar to that of Lorenz through the Regional Competitiveness Index, with higher doses, inequality increased (One dose: 0,05, two doses: 0,06, three doses: 0,16); The same happened with the State Density Index (One dose: 0,05, two doses: 0.06, three doses: 0,17). Conclusion: Inequality in vaccination between regions was found, associated with socioeconomic factors in Peru.