Fake News: O Que É, Como Se Faz E Por Que Funciona?

Renê Forster; Rodrigo Monteiro de Carvalho; Alberto Filgueiras; Emanuelle Avila

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3294

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Renê Forster Rio de Janeiro State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-1505
Rodrigo Monteiro de Carvalho Doutorando em Estudos Contemporâneos pelo Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX (CEIS20), da Universidade de Coimbra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-7692
Alberto Filgueiras Departamento de Cognição e Desenvolvimento – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-0606
Emanuelle Avila Graduada em Letras - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3294

Keywords:

fake news, information disorder, disinformation, social networks, confirmation bias

Abstract

This work presents a review about information disorder, amidst which we include the so-called “fake news” phenomenon. Due to its increased potential for propagation in digital age, false or malicious content has impacted political and social life and its consequences range from rejection of health recommendations to violent disorders. In this review, we first define information disorder, considering some theoretical distinctions between its different manifestations. We then address the processes of production and dissemination of false and malicious content, focusing the producers and also the channels thought which such materials are spread. Next, we discuss reception of false content, reviewing works on the psychological and cognitive bases of gullibility.