Actitudes y percepciones de la población de La Habana sobre la COVID-19

Juan Rubén Herrera-Masó; Alain Manuel Chaple-Gil; Ernesto Boris Rodríguez-Ledesma; Luisa Hernández-Alarcón; Carlos L. Pérez-Hernández; Gisselle Fernández-Peña; Nidia Márquez-Morales

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3158

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Juan Rubén Herrera-Masó Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Vicerrectoría Académica. Dirección de Ciencia e innovación Tecnológica. La Habana, Cuba.
Alain Manuel Chaple-Gil Centro Internacional de Salud "La Pradera" https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-4429
Ernesto Boris Rodríguez-Ledesma Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Departamento Carrera de Estomatología. La Habana, Cuba.
Luisa Hernández-Alarcón Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Vicerrectoría Académica. Dirección de Ciencia e innovación Tecnológica. La Habana, Cuba.
Carlos L. Pérez-Hernández Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Departamento de Bioquímica. La Habana, Cuba. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7063-6843
Gisselle Fernández-Peña Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Departamento de Bioquímica. La Habana, Cuba. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-8118
Nidia Márquez-Morales Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Vicerrectoría Académica. Dirección de Ciencia e innovación Tecnológica. La Habana, Cuba.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3158

Keywords:

risk perception, causes, population, COVID-19

Abstract

Objective: To explore the attitudes and perceptions of the population of Havana about COVID-19.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a population of 2012 citizens of Havana who, anonymously and voluntarily, answered an online questionnaire distributed on social networks between May and June 2021. Variables on demographic characterization and related to the object of study grouped into causes to which they attribute the current epidemiological situation: social, state and external. The ꭕ2 statistical test and the Corrected Residuals model were used.

Results: the participants from the municipalities of “Playa” (14.1%), “Plaza de la Revolución” (13.2%) and “10 de Octubre” (12.7%) were the most predominant. The three predominant causes according to more than 80% of citizens were "Violation of social distancing", "Cracking of social discipline" and "Celebration and festivities". The referred causes related to the state dimension highlighted the violations of social distancing, the opening of airports, and the elimination of active investigations in the community. 43.5% (13,411) of the responses to 14 of the 32 indicated by the respondents are related to the population's low perception of risk.

Conclusions: From the perception of the population, it is evident that it is not possible to attribute the epidemiological situation of Havana due to COVID-19 only as a consequence of the low perception of risk in society, this is a multi-causal phenomenon with causes attributed to state action / inaction and social behavior.