Sexual and reproductive education in the school environment a systematic literature review

Abstract

This study presents a systematic review of the qualitative literature, aiming to analyze the thematization of sexual and reproductive education with students throughout basic education in Brazil, listing the thematic approaches for learning and knowledge on the subject during the current decade between 2016 and 2025. The investigation was developed using three databases: LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO, selecting twelve articles to constitute the review. For data analysis, content analysis was adopted, in addition to descriptive statistics, with the presentation of statistical data and graphs referring to the main themes, objectives, and participating audiences by educational level. From this design, the following categories resulted: "Risk behaviors in adolescence"; "Generally known contraceptive methods"; "Gender relations at school"; and, "Techniques and instruments for examining sexual and reproductive education in the school context". It is concluded that the students' understanding of health and sexuality is superficial, requiring a deeper exploration of these concepts, which can be achieved through training within the school environment. The studies identified gender inequality behaviors, an issue generally neutralized by the school approach, highlighting the need for training for students and professionals to overcome this shortcoming.