FROM ANIMAL MODEL TO PATIENT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE CONNECTING OBESITY AND DEPRESSION

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity, in addition to its effects on metabolism, has been linked to an increased likelihood of depression. Studying this association in experimental models is fundamental to clarifying the biological mechanisms involved and supporting the development of prevention and intervention strategies. Objective: To study obesity as a possible predisposing factor for the emergence of behavioral changes compatible with depression, using behavioral tests and hormonal analysis in an experimental model with rats. Method: Integrative literature review collecting information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. The material for reading and analysis was selected from the SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus platforms. Initially, a search was conducted using the descriptors "depression, obesity, corticosterone, experimental studies, rats" with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterward, considering only those that were most related to the topic, the full texts were read. Result: After reading, 57 articles were included in this review. Conclusion: Obesity and depression share pathophysiological pathways that reinforce each other, favoring the development and maintenance of both diseases. The body of evidence points to the need for integrated approaches in clinical practice, encompassing not only the management of metabolic and affective symptoms, but also the prevention and treatment of common risk factors.