The horizons of sociological method: Reflections on the crisis of methodological cultures and the new challenges of social research

Abstract

This article investigates the so-called “crisis of methodological cultures” in sociology, understood as the persistent segmentation between quantitative and qualitative methods. It argues that this division, rather than fostering specialization, restricts the capacity to capture the multiple dimensions of social phenomena. The text presents alternatives that emphasize mixed methods, incorporating data science and generative artificial intelligence to broaden the scope of investigations while maintaining interpretive depth. It discusses how integrating these technical resources requires changes in academic curricula and research practices, since sociologists must handle extensive data sets as well as qualitative analysis strategies oriented toward meaning and context. The importance of adopting ethical protocols and validation processes that challenge algorithmic opacity is also highlighted, in order to prevent biases and distortions. Finally, the article concludes that methodological renewal, though it may challenge institutional structures and longstanding conventions, offers opportunities to revitalize sociological methods. By bringing together empirical rigor and theoretical reflection, sociology can respond more effectively to contemporary transformations.