Attribution bias in social cognition: theories, applications in psychiatry, and research in Brazil

Abstract

The attribution bias is a crucial domain of social cognition, influencing how we interpret events and behaviors. Despite its relevance, attribution bias still lacks clear definitions, making it difficult to replicate studies and apply findings clinically. Its relationship with psychiatric disorders requires further exploration, and in Brazil, the scarcity of research limits the adaptation of assessment tools and the understanding of cultural influences. This study aims to critically review the main theories, psychiatric applications, and research on attribution bias, emphasizing its relevance in Brazil. A narrative review was conducted based on the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) criteria, searching for articles in Google Scholar, SciELO, and PubMed. Empirical studies, theoretical papers, reviews, and gray literature on the topic were considered.  Findings reveal studies linking attribution biases to disorders such as borderline personality disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and psychosis. In Brazil, research is scarce and primarily focused on the educational context, with methodological limitations. Additionally, we highlight the importance of distinguishing between bias and attribution style, as confusion between these concepts hinders study replication and clinical application. Future studies may contribute to the development of more effective and culturally sensitive interventions.