Factores predisponentes a la trombosis venosa profunda durante el embarazo: Una revisión integradora

Héctor Adrián Franco; Alma Graciela González de Lamas; Noelia Teresa Pérez Sosa; Gustavo Armando Meza; Nathalia Valdés; Cristian Gauto; Alcides Chaux

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.10961

##article.authors##

Héctor Adrián Franco Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8408-6667
Alma Graciela González de Lamas Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-7409
Noelia Teresa Pérez Sosa Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0041-8358
Gustavo Armando Meza Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Filial Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3643-1084
Nathalia Valdés Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Filial Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6901-3603
Cristian Gauto Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sol, Ciudad del Este https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2808-7119
Alcides Chaux Universidad del Sol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5824-9867

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.10961

Keywords:

Deep vein thrombosis, Pregnancy, Risk factors, Thromboembolism, Prophylaxis

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, the risk of developing these conditions increases substantially due to physiological changes, with recent evidence suggesting a complex interplay of multiple risk factors. This integrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding predisposing factors for DVT during pregnancy and postpartum period. A systematic search of literature published between 2019-2024 was conducted across PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, yielding 14 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Key findings indicate that pregnancy-associated hypercoagulability, combined with specific risk factors such as cesarean delivery, obesity, genetic thrombophilias, and pre-existing medical conditions, significantly increases thrombotic risk. The postpartum period emerges as particularly critical, with risk elevated up to 84-fold compared to non-pregnant women. COVID-19 infection has been identified as an additional significant risk factor, potentially increasing VTE risk by up to 30 %. Early identification of risk factors and implementation of appropriate prophylactic measures are essential for improving maternal outcomes. This review provides updated evidence to guide clinical decision-making in the prevention and management of pregnancy-associated DVT.