Diseño y evaluación de un ventilador mecánico

Oscar  Heredia; Xiomara Chunga; Lewis De La Cruz; Mirko Zimic

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1770

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Oscar Heredia Unidad de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-1398
Xiomara Chunga Unidad de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-9173
Lewis De La Cruz Unidad de Informática Biomédica, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-921X
Mirko Zimic Unidad de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-8847

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1770

Keywords:

SARS-COV-2, COVID-19, Peru, Mechanical ventilation, industrial components

Abstract

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low cost (under 2500 USD), high precision (error percentage lower than 5%) mechanical ventilator in response to the global demand for this equipment. The ventilator is designed to deliver continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) in two forms: volumen controlled (V-CMV) and pressure controlled (P-CMV), and pressure support ventilation (PSV). CMV inspiration triggering can be assisted or controlled, which in combination results in five different ventilation modes. It's construction is based on industrial devices, high precision machined parts and standard clinical ventilation elements.
The prototype’s mechanism consists of a piston-cylinder system driven by a stepper motor and connected by a lead screw and nut. The distance and velocity of the piston displacement is defined by the quantity and frequency of electronic signal pulses from the programmed control system. The piston movement displaces a mix of air and medical oxygen to the patient.
The prototype's V-CMV mode has been tested on an electronic lung to simulate the response of a real organ in typical conditions. As a result an average error of 3% was obtained. Further upgrades are suggested for performance optimization, pre-clinical tests and clinical validation.