Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?

Ezequiel Galpern; Diego Ferreiro; Ignacio Sánchez

doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013

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Preprint / Versão 1

Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?

##article.authors##

Ezequiel Galpern University of Buenos Aires
Diego Ferreiro University of Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-4247
Ignacio Sánchez University of Buenos Aires

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013

Keywords:

biopolymer, random energy model, genetic code

Resumo

Evolution of folded biopolymers requires effective and fast search of both the conformational space for folding and the sequence space for evolution. Molecular information theory and energy landscape theory show that the alphabet size of extant proteins and RNA is just enough to fulfill these requirements, given the constraints posed by the chemical physics of these polymers. Empirical estimations of the size of the effective sequence and conformational spaces of natural biopolymers support the theoretical predictions.

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Postado

10/01/2025

Como Citar

Galpern, E., Ferreiro, D., & Sánchez, I. (2025). Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?. In SciELO Preprints. https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013